Mark and Phillip

1. Yes the artist did have a foreground, background and middle ground because the foreground is where the character is.The middle is the front trees and the background is the far trees.
2. On the trees in the back, the part more towards the middle is lighter and the as it goes out to the sides it gets darker to make it look 3D.
3.There are elements and principles in this picture. Some elements are lines, shapes, color. There are lines that are incorporated into the trees. There are all kinds of shapes. There is color that is in all of the foreground stuff. One principle is balance which there are big and small shapes that balances them.